| Unification of the Nile Valley | c. 3150 B.C.E. |
| Archaic | 3150-2686 B.C.E. |
| Old Kingdom | 2686-2181 B.C.E. |
| First Intermediate Period | 2181-2040 B.C.E. |
| Middle Kingdom | 2040-1782 B.C.E |
| Second Intermediate Period | 1782-1570 B.C.E. |
| New Kingdom | 1570-1069 B.C.E. |
| Third Intermediate Period | 1069-656 B.C.E |
| Late Period | 656-332 B.C.E. |
| Ptolemaic Period | 332-30 B.C.E. |
| Roman Period | 30 B.C.E.-323 C.E |
| Byzantine Period | 323-642 C.E. |
| Arab Conquest | 642-present C.E. |